Neurological complications during pregnancy and the post-partum period pose a diagnostic challenge due to their often non-specific symptoms. Headaches, affecting up to 35% of pregnant women, can be the initial sign of a wide range of conditions, from benign migraines to rare life-threatening issues. Radiologists should be well versed on the key imaging features to guide prompt and appropriate management. While CT head is commonly the initial imaging choice due to availability, MRI offers greater sensitivity but comes with practical limitations and safety considerations, especially during pregnancy. Our comprehensive review illustrates the key imaging features of important neurological complications during this critical period, including cerebrovascular conditions (subarachnoid haemorrhage, venous sinus thrombosis, ischaemic stroke, eclamptic encephalopathy, PRES and RCVS), endocrine/metabolic disorders (Sheehan's syndrome and lymphocytic hypophysitis), and common primary CNS conditions that may manifest during pregnancy (neoplasms and multiple sclerosis).